# statsmodels.graphics.functional.fboxplot¶

statsmodels.graphics.functional.fboxplot(data, xdata=None, labels=None, depth=None, method='MBD', wfactor=1.5, ax=None, plot_opts=None)[source]

Plot functional boxplot.

A functional boxplot is the analog of a boxplot for functional data. Functional data is any type of data that varies over a continuum, i.e. curves, probability distributions, seasonal data, etc.

The data is first ordered, the order statistic used here is banddepth. Plotted are then the median curve, the envelope of the 50% central region, the maximum non-outlying envelope and the outlier curves.

Parameters
datasequence of ndarrays or 2-D ndarray

The vectors of functions to create a functional boxplot from. If a sequence of 1-D arrays, these should all be the same size. The first axis is the function index, the second axis the one along which the function is defined. So data[0, :] is the first functional curve.

xdatandarray, optional

The independent variable for the data. If not given, it is assumed to be an array of integers 0..N-1 with N the length of the vectors in data.

labelssequence of scalar or str, optional

The labels or identifiers of the curves in data. If given, outliers are labeled in the plot.

depthndarray, optional

A 1-D array of band depths for data, or equivalent order statistic. If not given, it will be calculated through banddepth.

method{‘MBD’, ‘BD2’}, optional

The method to use to calculate the band depth. Default is ‘MBD’.

wfactorfloat, optional

Factor by which the central 50% region is multiplied to find the outer region (analog of “whiskers” of a classical boxplot).

axAxesSubplot, optional

If given, this subplot is used to plot in instead of a new figure being created.

plot_optsdict, optional

A dictionary with plotting options. Any of the following can be provided, if not present in plot_opts the defaults will be used:

- 'cmap_outliers', a Matplotlib LinearSegmentedColormap instance.
- 'c_inner', valid MPL color. Color of the central 50% region
- 'c_outer', valid MPL color. Color of the non-outlying region
- 'c_median', valid MPL color. Color of the median.
- 'lw_outliers', scalar.  Linewidth for drawing outlier curves.
- 'lw_median', scalar.  Linewidth for drawing the median curve.
- 'draw_nonout', bool.  If True, also draw non-outlying curves.

Returns
figFigure

If ax is None, the created figure. Otherwise the figure to which ax is connected.

depthndarray

A 1-D array containing the calculated band depths of the curves.

ix_depthndarray

A 1-D array of indices needed to order curves (or depth) from most to least central curve.

ix_outliersndarray

A 1-D array of indices of outlying curves in data.

Notes

The median curve is the curve with the highest band depth.

Outliers are defined as curves that fall outside the band created by multiplying the central region by wfactor. Note that the range over which they fall outside this band does not matter, a single data point outside the band is enough. If the data is noisy, smoothing may therefore be required.

The non-outlying region is defined as the band made up of all the non-outlying curves.

References

[1] Y. Sun and M.G. Genton, “Functional Boxplots”, Journal of Computational

and Graphical Statistics, vol. 20, pp. 1-19, 2011.

[2] R.J. Hyndman and H.L. Shang, “Rainbow Plots, Bagplots, and Boxplots for

Functional Data”, vol. 19, pp. 29-45, 2010.

Examples

Load the El Nino dataset. Consists of 60 years worth of Pacific Ocean sea surface temperature data.

>>> import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
>>> import statsmodels.api as sm


Create a functional boxplot. We see that the years 1982-83 and 1997-98 are outliers; these are the years where El Nino (a climate pattern characterized by warming up of the sea surface and higher air pressures) occurred with unusual intensity.

>>> fig = plt.figure()

>>> ax.set_xlabel("Month of the year")

>>> plt.show()